Saturday, September 22, 2012

The “Culture and Climate” of Boston University’s Men’s Ice Hockey Team


Over the course of six months, beginning in March and concluding in September, 2012, Boston University researched the “culture and climate” of its men’s ice hockey program and issued a self-commissioned report.  The decision to conduct such an assessment came after two BU male hockey players were charged with sexual assault.  The goal of the investigation was to determine if “systemic problems” existed within the program, as well as to ascertain if the program achieved “the same high standards” of the larger university community.

The self-described “thoughtful and impartial assessment” became the object of media interest subsequent to its release, both on the local and national levels.  Let’s see how different media organizations deconstructed the report differently.

 “Boston University hockey team has culture of 'sexual entitlement,' report says,” by Lisa Dillman, LA Times

Paralleling the alliteration used in the original report’s phrasing of “culture and climate,” Dillman begins with the alliterative phrase “sobering and straightforward” to describe the task force work.  Later, she calls again upon alliteration when pinpointing that the report declined to include particular details of student behavior “confined to confidential subcommittee reports.”

The article tends toward active voice verb tenses (“Fourteen recommendations were made by the panel” and “documents, which were obtained by the Globe on Thursday”).

Dillman uses parallel sentence structure to illustrate inherent contradictions in which “Jack Parker stepped down as athletic director but will continue as coach” and in which, when the task force asked him about particular reports of post-game celebrations, he “professed ignorance… but later acknowledging (sic) he knew of ‘a few guys drinking in the locker room.’” Interviewees revealed that “within days of the party, Parker reprimanded the entire team for its behavior” but “campus police did not find out about the party, nor did BU administrators.”

The article shifts focus early on and zooms into the “tone of the reports.” Repetition of specific terms sets the tone for Dillman’s own text. 
  • She repeats the word, “salacious”(meaning “sensational” and “scandalous”), pointing to “late-night festivities,”  sexual debauchery,” “adoring fans,” and BU’s upcoming “fund-raising campaign later this month.” 
  •  She repeats the word “naked” in conjunction with “shooting pucks” and "drank from kegs in the locker room showers and took to the ice.” 
  •  She repeats a comment from a student who attended the party: "It was insane. People were having sex in the penalty box."

It is not until late in the article that background of the task force work, which was initiated after two BU hockey players were charged with sexual assault,” is discussed. Dillman refers to allegations about “special treatment for athletes” as “troubling, if poorly supported.” Near the end of the article, Dillman lists Parker’s foreseeable status at BU: he will alliteratively “continue as coach” and “earn the same salary.”

“Panel hits ‘culture of sexual entitlement’ at BU hockey,” by John Zaremba and Joe Dwinell, Boston Herald, Wednesday, September 5, 2012 

The authors of this Herald article, like Dillman, favor alliteration:  “hallowed hockey team,” but Zaremba and Dwinell differ considerably in its focus on the report in several ways. 
  • They slow down the narrative and describe the two “Terrier hockey stars” who were charged with sexual assault.  The authors name both men and outline their subsequent judicial process (charges against “Nicastro were dropped in June” and “Trivino pleaded guilty in August to assault and battery and trespassing”).
  •  They interrogate BU’s oversight history and include details about how the players in “near seclusion from the student body,” how “team members generally pull worse grades than other undergrads,” and how “nearly a third of the Terrier hockey team hits the ice already committed to an NHL franchise.” 
  • They extend the recommendations to include “better integration of hockey players into everyday student life,” “new policies to ensure the school handles athletes’ discipline cases the same as it would for non-athletes,” and the need to “establish expectations and support structures for our student-athletes who play elite-level hockey.”

“BU making a bad situation worse,” by Brian McGrory, Boston Globe Columnist, September 07, 2012

 

In an opinion piece written for the same publication--- the Boston Globe--- that broke the BU report’s release, McGrory extends the summary of the report to comment on it. He compares the events on the BU campus to “football factories of the Midwest” where “blind pursuit of championships causes major universities to constantly stumble and fall.”

McGrory decries the report as “deeply embarrassing” and BU’s post-report decisions as “infinitely worse.”  He labels Parker’s sole sanction of loss of the “entirely meaningless title of ‘executive athletic director’” as contrary to the spirit of team sports, and he points to other teams who have risen to championship status “without criminal charges and controversies.”

Using the repeated phrase “he should have known” for emphasis, the author examines the culpability of Parker as coach and guide to the men’s ice hockey team players.  Parker “should have known” about:
  •  “ the entitled culture in the classroom and with women” 
  • “ the excessive drinking” 
  •  “his players were acting like basic morons all across the campus.”
Returning to BU’s administrative responsibilities to the men’s ice hockey team and to its general student body at the end of the column, McGrory calls the response “muted, foot-shuffling” and includes the aphorism, “some cows will always remain sacred.” He says that the BU President, Dr. Robert Brown, “is now failing his school, sacrificing dignity in pursuit of another championship.”

Synthesis: These three articles take three different approaches to describing the release of the Boston University Report on its men's ice hockey team.  Located on the opposite U.S. coastline to that of Boston, the LA Times chose to focus on sexualized generalities in order to interest its long-distance readership.  The Boston Herald took a local perspective, giving names and identities to the two men whose violent actions became part of public sphere discourse.  And the Boston Globe columnist moved beyond the contents of the report to critically analyze the actions of the BU administration in light of the revelations.

The most interesting commentary of all on the BU report may be the lack of extended multiple media channel analysis and critique of BU’s “culture and climate.”  The story ran for a few days but did not receive sustained media attention.  For example, Glenn Ordway on WEEI’s sports talk radio program, The Big Show, allowed that, if the Bobby Valentine story wasn’t so important, they’d focus on the BU report more.  (Bobby Valentine, manager of the MLB team, the Boston Red Sox, had experienced a torrent of media criticism as the team foundered in last place in the American League east division.)

It seems that sexual assault and the report’s own determination that “a culture of sexual entitlement” may not be enough to capture the ire and rage of media channels.  If this is so, then the patriarchal forces that control much of the sports world are in sadder shape than ever.

Saturday, September 15, 2012

The Animated Life of Sports

Cartoons about sports offer great opportunities for us to see how sports are a reflection of society.

Here's a September 12, 2012 cartoon that was posted in the morning on WEEI.com.  WEEI is a sports-themed talk radio channel which is supported by its website, and some of its programming is simulcast on the New England Sports Network (NESN) television channel.  NESN is owned by the Boston Red Sox group.

WEEI weekday sports talk hosts, Glenn Ordway and Michael Holley (featured) announce the Big Show from 2-6 p.m.  Depending on the season, managers/ head coaches of the local professional sports teams are weekly guests on the Big Show.  Bobby Valentine, the manager of the 2012 Boston Red Sox, had a recent series of heated interviews when this cartoon, composed by Larry Johnson, was published.  During the previous week's interview, Valentine was so angered by the questions posed that he said, “If I were there right now, I'd punch you right in the mouth. Ha, ha. How's that sound? " to Ordway.

This cartoon foreshadows the tone of the interview that was scheduled to take place later that afternoon.  Holley, positioned to the left, massages Ordway's shoulders.  He says, "Dance like a butterfly, sting like a bee," which is an allusion to the champion heavyweight boxing champion, Mohammed Ali.   When Johnson invoked Ali, he creates the impression that Holley is analogous to Ali.  However, Holley is not cast as the fighter in the cartoon.  The only real association, then, between Holley and Ali is their African-American race.  Thus, Johnson categories blacks together, regardless of their active or passive role in sports.

The Muhammad Ali quote has two dimensions to it.  Ordway is coached by Holley in imperative tense to "dance like a butterfly."  Ordway is to be gentle, subtle, and easy as he questions Valentine.  But  the directive is two-fold:  Orway must also be the dominator in order to "sting like a bee."  He must exert control and influence so that the interview produces the intended results, which are not only to persuade Valentine to divulge hidden truths about the inner workings of the the Red Sox organization but, also, to continue to sustain the Big Show as a media sensation around which other media analysts focus their scrutiny and commentary.

Holley props up Ordway in the cartoon, which metaphorically parallels his role on the Big Show.  Holley is the intellectual heavyweight on the Show, while Ordway is the adversarial combatant. Thus, Ordway wears the boxer's uniform.  He is depicted as sweating, overweight, and needing Holley's assistance.  His bluster is superficial.

On this day, as the caption states, "Bobby Valentine will be on the Big Show today live from Fenway Park."  Ironically, the caption implies that Bobby Valentine will be the focus of the cartoon, but the cartoon does not include any caricature of him.  Although Valentine holds the rare position of leader of a big market professional sports team, it is the med personalities who take on the prominent focus.

As a result, we deduce that the media in the Boston sports market take precedence over the actual team constituents.  Holley and Ordway will continue to broadcast well after the baseball season ends, and WEEI needs to position itself prominently so as to capture the highest possible listener market share.  Less than two years earlier, the Big Show was reconfigured to offset media share losses, largely due to the introduction of a competing sports talk radio channel owned by CBS--- 98.5, the Sports Hub.

The composer of the cartoon, Larry Johnson, is an employee of WEEI in another capacity to that of cartoonist: he is a Saturday midday analyst.  Part of his on-air comments include references to the comments, antics, and editorializing of other WEEI announcers.

Marshall McLuhan said famously, "The media is the message."  This Larry Johnson cartoon illuminates the new levels to which the media has been elevated since McLuhan wrote.  Today, the media makes itself the message, to the degree that the topics on which the media composers comment become secondary to their own presentation of those topics.

While the tense Bobby Valentine interviews were taking place on WEEI, the Red Sox were experiencing its most losing season in decades.  Boston in known nationally as a difficult media market for athletes due to high levels of media scrutiny.  To what degree did the Big Show contribute to the team's malaise with its constant running commentary about players', owners', and Valentines' poor performances?

After all, the media today makes itself the message.




Monday, September 10, 2012

Sports as a Cultural Phenomenon


From philosophy and history, to social, communicational, cultural,
and literary studies and sport as a performing art
analysis of sports is  a means of defining our worlds.


Sports have been an important component of American culture over the last one hundred years.  When we examine sports as culture, we have an opportunity to consider the experience of many groups of people.  One event in a sporting venue may have ramifications for society at large.  This blog will connect sports and their role in American society from historical to contemporary perspectives, which we'll call "playing it forward."

I'm so glad you're sharing this literacy learning experience with me.  You've made a good decision to join other people who are interested in sports and sports' connections to society.  You're going to learn a lot!

How is sports a mirror of society?
How can sports be a mechanism to improve society?
The objective of this blog is to examine--- critically---  the changing relationship between sports and popular culture.  Sports in contemporary society have great potential and an intrinsic promise for positive change.
We will connect the fun of sports to new understandings about how identities become constructed and distributed in society. This blog will expose you to the influence and power of sports in contemporary American popular culture. We'll explore the social, cultural, and political meanings of the sporting spectacle as well as the impact of technologies (both old and new and between) on sports performance and spectatorship.

We will also examine the politics of sports, including popular icons such as the representation of gender, race, and ethnicity;  national identities and globalization; sports subcultures and lifestyle sports;  and depictions of sports and athletes.   The blog will include economic dimensions of sports media such as production and marketing, such as the consumerization of youth sports, childrens' toys, labor issues, and athletes’ legal rights. 
You will learn to develop discourse analysis and content analysis techniques so you can unpack the subtexts behind sports media messages. And, due to the essential nature of sports culture in the 21st century, we will examine a variety of texts:  print (poetry, short stories, drama, full-length fiction and non-fiction); visual and  audio  mass communications (television, film, commercials, live talk radio, podcasts); and, new media (Web 2.0, social networking sites, blogs, RSS feeds).

This blog opens up a variety of ways of interpreting the intersection of sports and popular culture.  You are encouraged to participate as an analyst of sports culture.  We will call these exchanges of ideas "dialogicality."  Sure, we'll probably present differing interpretations about and points of view on a sports topic.  In all discussions, all I ask is that each person should show respect to the comments and positions of fellow participants. 

Friday, September 7, 2012

Welcome


Language has the capacity to influence and shift power relationships within the world of sports.  When you recognize the persuasion infused within sports texts, you become a better reader of other texts and your world. This blog will contain many entries in which discourse analysis invites us to study the many ways that versions of the world, society, events, and identities are produced through sports language. Through this blog and the discourse analysis of media sports texts, we can step back, interrogate embedded messages, and rethink the ways that we can bind the power of sport to the healthy social, emotional, and civic development of U.S. citizens.
Welcome.  Keep coming back to this blog and seeing the most recent sports media texts and their analysis.  You'll be surprised what you might see!

Dr. Carolyn